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Coverage, share and the arithmetic behind them.

Written for the desk that has to do it: what the measure is, the data you already hold, how to compute it, and where it goes wrong. 586 articles across 33 industries.

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The definitions and the arithmetic every other article leans on.

AI and self-service analytics

What is coverage intelligence? A plain definition and the five measures in it

Coverage intelligence is the practice of measuring, from a company's own sales data, which customers it reaches, how much of each customer's spend it holds, and where the gaps are, with every figure reconciled to the ledger. This guide defines it, sets out its five measures, coverage, share of wallet, gap at norm, dormancy and concentration, shows how they roll up, and distinguishes it from BI, CRM reporting and sales analytics.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Coverage and territory · Sales teams

Coverage is the number under every other number: measuring it for any B2B sales team

Why pipeline, forecast and win rate all rest on whether anyone contacted the account, and how any B2B sales team measures coverage from CRM activity: untouched accounts, rep load, territory trend against plan, and the reconciliation to invoiced revenue.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Wallet share and penetration

How to calculate share of wallet, with a worked example

The share of wallet formula, the three ways to estimate the denominator when the customer will not tell you, a worked example from a real-shaped ledger, the roll-up from customer to segment to company, and the four mistakes that make the number wrong: mixing periods, counting one-off purchases, using a benchmark as the wallet, and reporting a share with no gap value beside it.

16 Sept 20263 min read
How-to guides

Sales analytics KPI definitions: thirty measures on one page, each with its formula

Thirty sales and commercial measures defined in one sentence each with the formula, grouped by what they describe: coverage and activity, wallet and depth, retention and churn, pipeline and forecast, concentration and reporting, and data quality. Each links to a full definition. Written so that a team can adopt the definitions as its own, version them, and stop arguing about what a number means.

16 Sept 20264 min read
How-to guides

How to define the norm from your own customer base: the denominator behind every gap

Every penetration, fit, share or whitespace figure needs a denominator: what a customer like this one usually buys. This guide sets out how to build that norm from your own customers by banding them on type and size, the majority rule, the minimum band size, and how to record overrides so the gap list stays credible.

16 Sept 20263 min read
How-to guides

The sales roll-up hierarchy: region, team, person, account, and why product is not a level

The four-level tree that every sales measure is summed through, the difference between a level and a dimension, the identity that must hold at each level, and the mapping decisions that make one hierarchy serve finance, sales operations and the salesperson at once.

16 Sept 20263 min read
AI and self-service analytics

Why the model must never do the arithmetic: a design rule for AI sales analytics

The one rule that makes AI analytics safe to put in front of a sales desk or a bank: the language model chooses the calculation and explains the result, and deterministic code computes every figure. Why the alternative fails, and what the rule changes in practice.

16 Sept 20264 min read
Wallet share and penetration

Share of wallet by industry: what the denominator is in twelve industries

Share of wallet is one formula and twelve different denominators. This hub sets out, for twelve industries, what the customer's wallet is, where the number comes from, what the numerator is in that industry's ledger, and the natural ceiling a share can reach, with a link to the full guide for each. Written for a commercial leader who has heard the term and wants to know what it means for their desk.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Coverage and territory

Coverage by industry: what a touch means on twelve different desks

Coverage is accounts touched at cadence over accounts assigned, and what a touch is, who the account is and what the cadence should be all change with the desk. This hub sets out, for twelve industries, the unit of account, the qualifying touch, the cadence a tier typically carries and the export the measure comes from, with a link to the full guide for each.

16 Sept 20263 min read
How-to guides

The norm by industry: what 'similar customers' means on twelve desks

Every gap on this site is measured against a norm from the company's own best customers of the same kind, and what the same kind means changes by desk: same menu type and covers, same size band and sector, same tenure band, same rig count, same property type and market. This hub gives, for twelve industries, the fields that define similar, the unit of size the norm scales by, the population the norm is drawn from, and the guide for each.

16 Sept 20263 min read
How-to guides

The role pages: ten questions per leader, and where each set lives

A hub for the role pages on this site: for each leader, from CFO and CRO to the head of a trading desk or a foodservice distributor, the ten questions they ask, the tables that answer them, the identity behind each, and the answer to send back. This page lists every role page with the desk it is written for and the first question on it, so a reader can find their own questions in one click.

16 Sept 20264 min read
How-to guides

The worked examples: every measure on ten rows you can check by hand

A hub for the worked-example pages on this site: each core measure computed in full on a book small enough to check by hand, ten accounts, ten deals, ten invoice lines, five clients, four territories, with every intermediate figure shown and the identity at the end. This page lists them by measure with what each example demonstrates, so a reader can reproduce the arithmetic before running it on their own export.

17 Sept 20268 min read
How-to guides

The benchmark pages: what is a good number for sixteen measures, and why the answer is a table

A hub for the benchmark questions on this site: what is a good share of wallet, customer concentration, pipeline coverage, win rate, forecast accuracy, dormancy rate, account coverage, net revenue retention, renewal rate, seat utilisation, quote conversion, OTIF, cost to serve, spend under management, realisation and hit ratio. Each page gives the ranges people quote, says what those ranges assume, and sets out the three measurable things that decide the right figure for one business. This page lists them with the short answer to each.

17 Sept 20263 min read
How-to guides

Sales analytics in Excel: ten measures with the exact formulas, and the check for each

A hub for the Excel guides on this site: how to calculate customer concentration, dormant customers, account coverage, win rate and pipeline coverage, forecast accuracy and bias, net revenue retention, renewal rate, quote conversion, OTIF and cost to serve in a spreadsheet, from exports a business already has. Each guide gives the columns needed, the exact formulas for Microsoft 365 and older Excel, the one check that proves the result, the usual spreadsheet mistakes, and the point at which the spreadsheet stops being enough.

17 Sept 20264 min read
How-to guides

The difference pages: twenty pairs of sales terms that get swapped, and the line between each

A hub for the comparison pages on this site: churn and dormancy, win rate and close rate, pipeline coverage and weighted pipeline, OTIF and fill rate, gross margin and contribution, KPI and metric, leading and lagging indicators, concentration ratio and Herfindahl index, share of wallet and market share, renewal and retention, and more. Each page gives both definitions, computes both on the same rows, and says which to use when. This page lists them with the one-line difference for each.

17 Sept 20264 min read
How-to guides · Sales teams

Sales management templates: nine working documents, built on computed tables, not on memory

A hub for the templates on this site: the weekly sales meeting agenda, the pipeline review, the forecast sheet with tested categories, the monthly sales report, the quarterly business review, the one-page account plan, the territory plan, the account handover checklist, the win-loss form and the lost customer review, plus dashboard examples for five readers. Each template is copyable, says which export each figure comes from, and is designed so that the document is mostly filled in before anyone sits down to write it.

17 Sept 20263 min read
How-to guides

KPIs by industry: thirty-one desks, ten measures each, with the formula and the export behind it

A hub for the industry KPI pages on this site. For each of thirty-one industries and functions, from wholesale distribution and foodservice to commercial banking, law firms, freight, pharma, SaaS and sports, one page lists the ten measures that matter, each with its formula, the export it comes from and what it tells you, plus the three measures most teams in that industry miss, the figures to drop, the identity behind each table and who should own what. This page lists them all with the measure each industry most often overlooks.

17 Sept 20265 min read
Alternatives and comparisons

AI analytics tools compared: platforms, BI suites, search and planning

Twenty analytics and AI tools grouped by what they are built for, what each needs before the first answer, and where a file-first approach fits.

24 Sept 202622 min read

Latest

Newest first. The glossary has the definitions these lean on, and RSS has everything as it lands.

Board and management reporting

A board narrative with a citation on every number: how to draft the commercial pack from reconciled figures

A method for writing the quarterly commercial narrative so every figure carries a citation to the calculation that produced it: the reconciled roll-up as the source, the narrative structure, the citation format that survives export, and why the model writes sentences but never numbers.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Data quality and reconciliation

A CRM data quality scorecard: five fields, five checks, one number per rep

How to score CRM data quality from the export rather than from complaints: five fields that every coverage and pipeline measure depends on, owner, close date, stage, activity date and account identifier, the check for each, the completeness and validity rate per rep, why the score is reported beside the measures that depend on it, and the rule that a measure computed on data under a stated score is shown greyed.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Coverage and territory · Sales teams

A new rep's first ninety days, from the data: the list that replaces shadowing

What a newly hired rep should be given on day one from the book they inherit: the accounts ranked by revenue with days since last touch, the returning lines that were bought and dropped, the dormant accounts with their cadence and run rate, the open deals with slip counts, and the tier cadence that says who to call first. A ninety-day plan in three lists, the measures that say whether the ramp is on track, and why it beats a week of shadowing.

16 Sept 20263 min read
AI and self-service analytics

A weekly sales digest worth reading: what a good one looks like, line by line

An annotated example of a weekly sales digest built from computed tables: the header that states the period and the checks, ten movements each with the measure, the level, the change, the threshold and the citation, the three lists that follow, untouched, slipped and dormant, the line that says what did not move, and the footer with the definition version. What each element is for, and the version of the same digest that nobody reads.

16 Sept 20263 min read
AI and self-service analytics

Account health score: why a computed score beats a colour-coded one

What is wrong with the red-amber-green account health field most CRMs carry, what a computed health score is made of, five inputs from the ledger and the CRM with stated weights, how the weights are set from the company's own churn history rather than opinion, why the score is shown with its inputs and never alone, the identity that every account has one score from the same rule, and how the score is validated against what happened.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Data quality and reconciliation

Account hierarchy: parents, subsidiaries and the level you actually sell to

How to build and use an account hierarchy for sales analytics: the levels that exist in most customers, group, legal entity, site, department, the one level where the buying decision is made and every measure is computed, the levels beneath kept as dimensions, the dated parent mapping that survives acquisitions, the identity that revenue sums identically at every level, and the two mistakes that produce forty customers where there is one and one where there are forty.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Coverage and territory

Account penetration rate: formula, denominators and a worked example

Account penetration rate defined, accounts buying over accounts in a stated universe, the four denominators it is computed against and what each answers, the target list, the estate, the segment universe and the installed base, a worked example per rep against a target list, the roll-up, the identity to the universe file, and why a penetration rate with no stated universe is a percentage of nothing.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Coverage and territory · Construction and building materials

Accounts opened and never used: the trade account funnel per branch

How a builders' merchant or trade supplier measures what happens after a trade account is opened, from the account master and the ledger: accounts opened per branch, the share with a first purchase within thirty days, the share still buying at six months, the median first-purchase value, and the branches and account openers whose funnel leaks at each step, so that the opening effort produces customers rather than records.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Territory, capacity and quota planning

Activity and outcome measures: which belong in compensation, and which do not

Why paying reps on activity measures produces activity and paying them only on outcomes produces sandbagging, the three tests a measure passes before it goes into a plan, the rep controls it, it cannot be gamed by logging, and it reconciles to a ledger, which coverage and outcome measures pass, which fail, the coverage-at-cadence exception that passes all three, and the identity that every credited dollar in a plan is a ledger dollar once.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Coverage and territory · Oil and gas services

Activity-weighted coverage: which operators are drilling, and whether we are there

How an oilfield services company weights its operator coverage by current activity from public rig and permit data: operators ranked by active rigs or permits per basin, the company's revenue with each, the activity-weighted coverage per basin, and the list of operators drilling most where the company is least, valued at revenue per rig from the operators it serves fully.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Wallet share and penetration · Education

Adoption by purchase cohort: what institutions that bought three years ago hold now

How an education provider reads its base by first-purchase cohort, from the order history: the institutions that first bought in each year, how many are still customers, what programmes they hold now against what the cohort held at first purchase, the cohorts that expanded and the cohort that stalled, and why a cohort view finds the year something changed in onboarding or product that the renewal rate never explains.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Board and management reporting · Wealth managers

Adviser concentration: how much of the book leaves if one adviser does

How a wealth management firm measures the share of assets and revenue attached to each adviser, the client-level dependency behind it, the succession list of advisers whose books have no second relationship, and why the figure is reported per office and per team, not just for the firm.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Coverage and territory · Tax and accounting

Advisory triggers in the compliance data: the events in a client's accounts that call for a service

How an accounting firm turns the data it already holds from compliance work into an advisory pipeline: the events in a client's filed accounts and returns, turnover crossing a threshold, a first overseas sale, R&D spend appearing, a director's loan, a property purchase, that map to an advisory service, the clients with a trigger and no service, valued at the firm's own fee for that service, and the partner list that comes out each filing season.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Wallet share and penetration · Industrial manufacturers

Aftermarket attach: installed base against parts and service revenue

How an industrial manufacturer measures aftermarket capture per customer from the installed base register and the parts and service ledger: expected annual aftermarket per unit from the customers who buy it all from the OEM, actual per customer, the attach rate, and the list of customers running the OEM's equipment on someone else's parts, ranked by the revenue at norm.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Forecast and pipeline · Healthcare and med-tech

Agreement expiry calendar for GPO and system contracts: what expires when, and the utilisation behind each

How a medical supplies company builds a contract expiry calendar from its agreement register: GPO and system agreements by end date, the revenue and facilities under each, the agreement's utilisation, contracted categories actually bought, the tier the customer earned against the tier it is on, the agreements inside the renegotiation window with no activity logged, and the identity that revenue under agreements plus off-agreement revenue equals the ledger.

16 Sept 20262 min read
How-to guides

Answer-first writing for commercial measures: the template behind every page on this site

The seven-part template every measure page on this site follows, and why: the answer in one paragraph, the formula in a line, the rows needed with identifiers only, one worked table, the roll-up and its identity, the four mistakes, and the three questions answered in full. What each part is for, the order and why it is fixed, the length each part gets, and how a company can use the same template for its own definitions document.

16 Sept 20264 min read
AI and self-service analytics

Asking questions of a sales workbook without rebuilding it in a BI tool

How a team whose data lives in Excel or Google Sheets can ask plain-English questions of the workbook they already keep: reading the structure as it is, mapping columns once, validating the totals, and getting answers with the rows behind them, without pivot tables or a data warehouse.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Wallet share and penetration · Sports

Asset fit and hospitality utilisation per partner for sports organisations

How a club, league or venue measures which commercial assets each partner buys against the profile of partners like them, watches hospitality renewals with no contact, and tracks box and seat utilisation per fixture from the CRM and ticketing exports, reconciled to commercial revenue.

16 Sept 20263 min read
AI and self-service analytics

Association and cause: what the company's own data can say, and the sentence that says it

Why every effect measured from a company's own history, samples and prescriptions, onboarding milestones and renewals, first-touch latency and first-year revenue, delayed installs and non-renewal, is an association and not a cause, the selection that makes it so, the comparison group that removes most of the noise, the sentence that reports it honestly, associated with rather than caused, why it is still enough to direct effort, and the two claims that are never made from it.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Board and management reporting · Finance and FP&A teams

Automating the sales report: from a manual monthly pack to computed tables

A practical path for a sales operations or finance team that assembles the monthly sales report by hand: what to automate first, the definitions that have to be written down before anything can be computed, the four exports the whole pack comes from, the identity checks that replace the reconciliation week, what stays manual, and the order in which the pack's sections move from spreadsheet to computed table.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Coverage and territory · Trading

Axe distribution: which clients receive the desk's axes, and which ones trade them

How a trading desk measures whether its axes reach the clients who trade them, from the axe log, the distribution records and the blotter: axes sent per client per product, axes traded within a stated window, the clients who receive many and trade none, the clients who trade the desk's axes but receive few, the salespeople whose distribution lists have not changed in a year, and the identity that trades against axes sit inside the blotter.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Forecast and pipeline

B2B churn without a subscription: measuring lost customers from the ledger

How a company that sells on orders rather than subscriptions measures churn from its ledger: the definition of a lost customer from its own order cadence, churned revenue as the run rate before the silence, the churn rate by segment and by rep, the identity that ties churned plus retained plus new to the two periods' revenue, and why a fixed 12-month rule counts the wrong customers as lost.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Data quality and reconciliation

B2B customer segmentation from the ledger, not from personas

How to segment a B2B customer base from data the company holds: the two or three fields that make a segment useful for norms, size, sector and channel, why behavioural fields like order frequency and product mix belong in the measures rather than the segment definition, the minimum segment size that makes a norm mean something, the test that a segmentation is good, and why personas do not survive contact with a ledger.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Data quality and reconciliation

Baseline and norm: what this account usually does, and what accounts like it do

The difference between a baseline, an account's own typical level from its own history, and a norm, what similar accounts do when the relationship is full, why the two answer different questions, has this account changed and how far is it from where it could be, which measures use which, surge and dormancy against baseline, gap and share against norm, the case where an account is at its baseline and far from the norm, and the rule that both are stated on the line that uses them.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Board and management reporting · Shipping and logistics

Booking-to-invoice cycle per customer: the days revenue waits

How a forwarder measures the time from shipment delivery to invoice issued, per customer and per branch, from the shipment milestones and the billing ledger: the median days, the shipments delivered and still unbilled past a stated age, the value waiting, the branches and customers where the cycle is longest and why, disputed accessorials, missing carrier costs, customer billing rules, and the working capital the delay ties up.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Board and management reporting · Finance and FP&A teams

Bookings, billings and revenue: one reconciliation before anyone reports a number

Why sales, finance and the board each quote a different figure for the same quarter, the three definitions behind them, the bridge from bookings to billings to recognised revenue with the timing and the adjustments that separate them, the identity that ties the three together, and the governance rule that every report names which of the three it is showing.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Coverage and territory

Cadence and recency: how often it should happen, and how long since it did

The difference between cadence, the expected interval between events for an account, from its tier for touches or from its own history for orders, and recency, the days since the last event actually happened, why every list on this site is recency against cadence rather than either alone, the two cadences, tier cadence for effort and own cadence for behaviour, and the four readings that come from putting the two columns beside each other.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Territory, capacity and quota planning

Capacity is arithmetic: how to build a sales capacity plan that reconciles to the budget

The capacity model behind a defensible sales headcount plan: reps times calls times weeks less ramp on one side, accounts times required frequency on the other, the gap in reps per territory, and the scenario table that lands on a cost finance can put in the plan.

16 Sept 20263 min read
Board and management reporting · Freight brokers and 3PLs

Carrier concentration per lane: when one carrier is the lane

How a freight broker or 3PL measures the share of loads on each lane carried by its top carrier from the load ledger, sets a stated threshold per lane volume band, finds the lanes where one carrier's exit would leave shippers uncovered, and pairs the concentration with the carrier's acceptance trend so the risk is seen before the tender is refused.

16 Sept 20262 min read
Board and management reporting · Insurance brokers

Carrier concentration per line: how much of the book sits with one market

How a commercial insurance broker measures the share of premium placed with each carrier per line of business from the placement ledger, why a concentrated line is both a leverage point and a risk, the trend that shows a market quietly taking over a line, and the clients whose whole programme sits with one carrier.

16 Sept 20262 min read