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Blog · Board and management reporting · Law firms

Leverage delivered against leverage priced: matter profitability by fee-earner mix

How a law firm measures whether matters are staffed as they were priced, from time entries and the engagement terms: the fee-earner mix a matter was priced on, the mix actually recorded, the cost of the difference at cost rates, the matters and clients where partners do associate work, the practices where the mix drifts most, and the identity that matter costs sum to the practice's cost base.

The short answerA matter is priced on a fee-earner mix: so many partner hours, so many associate, so many paralegal. The time entries record the mix delivered. At cost rates per grade, the difference between the two is the margin the staffing gave away, per matter, per client and per practice. Partners doing associate work is the commonest drift, and it costs at the difference between the two grades' cost rates on every hour. The identity is that matter costs at cost rates sum to the practice's cost base, so the profitability figure is the firm's own.

A firm prices a matter on a mix of partner, associate and paralegal hours, and delivers it with the partner doing most of the work because the associates were busy. The bill is the same; the cost is not. Time entries against the engagement terms show the drift per matter, and per practice it is a pattern. This guide sets out leverage priced against delivered, the cost of the difference, and the identity.

The measures

Per matter:

Priced mix = hours by grade from the budget Delivered mix = hours by grade from time entries Cost priced = Σ priced hours × cost rate by grade Cost delivered = Σ delivered hours × cost rate Mix drift = cost delivered − cost priced, holding total hours

Per client, per practice: the same, summed, and the share of matters with drift above a stated amount.

The rows you need

  • Engagement terms: matter, budget hours by grade.
  • Time entries: matter, fee earner, grade, hours.
  • Cost rates: grade, cost per hour, version.
  • Client and practice masters.

Client and fee-earner identifiers only.

The identity

Σ matters' cost delivered = practice cost base allocated to matters, within the stated allocation

Time entries with no matter are unallocated, counted, and excluded.

A worked matter

Grade Priced hours Delivered hours Cost rate Priced cost Delivered cost
Partner 20 65 $310 $6,200 $20,150
Associate 120 70 $140 $16,800 $9,800
Paralegal 40 45 $60 $2,400 $2,700
Total 180 180 $25,400 $32,650

Same hours, same bill, seven thousand dollars more cost, because the partner did forty-five hours of associate work.

Per practice

Practice Matters Share with drift over $5,000 Total drift Pattern
Corporate 210 41% $890,000 Partners doing associate work
Employment 340 12% $110,000
Property 180 28% $260,000 Associates doing paralegal work

Corporate's partners delivered nearly a million dollars of associate-priced work at partner cost in a year. The associates were not short of work; the report per matter says which partners.

Where it goes wrong

Profitability at charge-out rates. Measures what was billed, not what it cost.

No budget by grade. No priced mix; the proxy is a practice median, labelled.

Drift read without hours. The partner who did it in half the time is blamed.

Practice-level only. The pattern is three partners.

Every quarter, per matter and per practice

Mapped once, the engagement terms, the time entries and the cost rates produce the priced and delivered mix, the drift and the identity per matter, client and practice every quarter. Covirage builds this from the exports as they are. The law firms page describes the setup, and the realisation guide covers the billing-side leak from the same time entries.

Questions people ask

Where does the priced mix come from?

The engagement's fee estimate or budget, by grade, where the firm records one. Where it does not, the practice's own median mix for matters of the type is the proxy, labelled, and the absence of a budget is the first finding.

What are cost rates?

The firm's cost per hour per grade, from salaries and overhead allocation, stated once a year. Not charge-out rates. Profitability at charge-out rates measures what was billed; at cost rates it measures what it cost to deliver, and the mix drift is a cost finding.

Is a partner doing associate work always wrong?

No. A partner who does the work in half the time at twice the cost has broken even; one who does it in the same time has given the difference away. The report shows hours as well as cost, and the partner sees both.