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Blog · Data quality and reconciliation

Account hierarchy: parents, subsidiaries and the level you actually sell to

How to build and use an account hierarchy for sales analytics: the levels that exist in most customers, group, legal entity, site, department, the one level where the buying decision is made and every measure is computed, the levels beneath kept as dimensions, the dated parent mapping that survives acquisitions, the identity that revenue sums identically at every level, and the two mistakes that produce forty customers where there is one and one where there are forty.

The short answerMost customers have four levels: the group, the legal entities in it, the sites, and the departments or ship-tos. The measures are computed at the level where the buying decision is made, the decision level, which differs by customer and by product, and the levels beneath are dimensions that explain the measure. Every record has a dated parent, so an acquisition is a new row and not an overwrite, and the identity is that revenue sums to the same total at every level. Measured too low, one customer becomes forty; measured too high, forty independent buyers become one.

A hospital supplier's CRM has forty accounts for one health system. A franchise group's supplier has one account for forty stores that each buy on their own. Both are hierarchies read at the wrong level. This guide sets out the levels, the decision level, the dated parent mapping, the identity, and the two mistakes.

The levels

Level Example Usually
Group The parent company, the health system, the trust Where concentration and total relationship are read
Legal entity A subsidiary, a hospital, an academy Where contracts are often signed
Site A plant, a branch, a store, a campus Where delivery and coverage happen
Department or ship-to A ward, a dock, a cost centre Where orders originate; a dimension

The decision level

The level at which the contract is signed and the renewal decided, per customer and per product

Measures are computed there: share of wallet, renewal watch, coverage, concentration. Levels beneath are kept as dimensions. Levels above are the roll-up.

Customer Product Decision level Why
Health system on a system agreement Contracted category System Signed and renewed centrally
Same system, capital equipment Capital Hospital Each hospital's budget
Franchise group Consumables Store Stores buy independently
Corporate with central procurement Everything Group Central

The dated parent mapping

Every record: identifier, parent identifier, effective from, effective to. A top-level entity is its own parent. An acquisition is a new row. A disposal closes a row and opens another.

The identity

Σ revenue at group = Σ at entity = Σ at site = Σ at ship-to = ledger, for the period, using the parents in force in the period

And: every record has exactly one parent on any date. An entity under two groups, which happens after an acquisition when both rows stay open, fails it and is listed.

The two mistakes

Measured too low. Forty ship-tos as forty customers. Concentration understated; share of wallet computed forty times on forty partial wallets; renewal watch showing forty small renewals where there is one. The fix is the parent mapping and the decision level.

Measured too high. Forty independent stores as one customer. One share of wallet that describes none of them; one coverage figure for forty buying decisions; a gap list with one row where there should be forty. The fix is the decision level recorded per agreement.

A worked hierarchy

Identifier Parent Level Decision level for contracted supplies Effective from
SYS-01 SYS-01 System Yes 2019
HOSP-14 SYS-01 Hospital No; rolls up 2019
HOSP-22 SYS-01 Hospital No; acquired 2025-04-01
HOSP-22 SYS-07 Hospital 2019 to 2025-03-31
ST-3300 HOSP-14 Ship-to No; dimension 2019

Hospital 22 moved systems in April. Reports for March use the old parent; reports for May use the new. Concentration for last year did not change when the row was added.

Where it goes wrong

Overwrites. History restated; last year's concentration moves.

One decision level for all products. Capital measured at the system; consumables at the hospital.

Ship-tos as customers. Forty of one.

Groups as customers when the entities buy alone. One of forty.

Every month, the hierarchy and the identity

Mapped once and dated, the ERP hierarchy, the contract register and the ledger produce the roll-up at every level, the decision level per agreement and the identity every month. Covirage builds this from the exports as they are. The metrics governance solution describes the setup, and the facility identifiers guide covers the hierarchy in one industry's vocabulary.

Questions people ask

How is the decision level chosen?

By where the contract is signed and the renewal decided. For a health system on a system-wide agreement, the system; for a franchise group whose stores buy independently, the store; for a corporate with central procurement, the group. It can differ by product at the same customer, and the hierarchy records the level per agreement.

What happens at an acquisition?

The acquired entity gets a new parent row with an effective date. Before the date, it rolls up to its old parent; after, to the new. Reports for any period use the parent in force then. An overwrite restates history and moves last year's concentration figure.

Why keep the lower levels at all?

Because the decision level explains the number and the site level explains the decision. A trust below norm on a programme is the finding; the four schools that do not use it are the reason. Measured at the trust, cut by school.